Cause And Effect Essay - 1200 Words

In the first part of the experiment, students will use observation to study the cause and effect of four different chemicals brought together and changed occurring. The four chemicals that will be looked closely at are Calcium Chloride (CaCl2), Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3), Phenol Red Solution, and Deionized Water (H2O). The chemical changes students will mainly look for is if there is a change of color, heat and/or light generated, gas produced and precipitate formation. Applying these principles in a practical manner will be used to determine the underlying factors responsible for the particular observations.The second section of this experiment is carried out a series of controlled experiments to determine the cause of change in each†¦show more content†¦Prior to starting the experimentation, students must wear their appropriate personal laboratory attire including, a lab coat, safety goggles, nonlatex gloves, and chemistry lab manual. After successfully conducting the exp eriment, students must empty contents in a waste disposal bin provided when all reactions are subsided. Students must clean plastic bag with a little water and dispose of it in a bag in the trash. To determine what combinations of chemicals are responsible for each observed changed, students may conduct a series of controlled experiments with the same quantities of chemicals. If chemicals are spilled on a student’s body or caught on fire, the best method to put it down is he or she must go to the safety shower, take off their clothes entirely and rinse off the chemicals for at least 15 minutes as recommended by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). The same goes if chemicals get caught into the eyes or hands. Remember to carefully handle the chemicals in a cautious and efficient manner, and notify the instructor of any incidents. Phenol red or water mixed with calcium chloride produced heat. It seems as though all calcium chloride needs is a liquid to increase in temperature. No, the controlled experiments became both hot and cold, and so did the overall reaction. ForShow MoreRelatedCause and Effect Essay661 Words   |  3 PagesChild violence is a topic which has exposed itself tremendously with both causes and effects; causes being, poor parenting, environment and exposure, and effects including depression, difficulties in school and criminal behavior. Most people try not to address poor parenting because it can be a very sensitive topic but, it is very important and lack of conversation or teaching can become an issue. We have all been somewhere and witness a child misbehaving and the parent not reprimanding theirRead MoreCause and Effect Essay770 Words   |  4 PagesCause and Effect Essay Week two Assignment two: Cause and effect Essay Joetta Wray Campbell South University College Cause and Effect Essay The first horror movie I ever saw I can remember like it was yesterday I walked into a dark movie theater the first time without my parents excited and scared all at the same time, it was my first time seeing a horror movie. It was theRead MoreCause and Effect Essay1169 Words   |  5 PagesNorfolk State University Cause and Effect Essay Why Am I a College Student? Obtaining a college education is an essential part of my career goals and life. I am attending college to gain more knowledge, have the necessary credentials to be competitive in my career, and to make my family proud. One day I want to own and operate my own hotel company with my sister, who is currently attending Norfolk State University studying Tourism Hospitality Management as well. We plan to startRead MoreAn Essay on Cause and Effect972 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Cause and Effect essay: A change in the way you deal with other people Introduction The human civilization, from the beginning of the times, has been dictated by constant cultural and social changes. These cultural and social changes did not only have a significant on the lifestyles of human beings around the world, but it also effected on how people deal with one and other. It must be noted that human civilization across the globe has remained in the constant process of evolution and no matterRead MoreEssay on Cause and Effect1021 Words   |  5 PagesCause and Effect of Price Wars When large sums of money are at stake, many companies bend and flex to their limits to guarantee defeat over the competition. Sometimes they take a loss in one area for a gain in another area. There is a cause for every action the company makes, and in return for their action there is an effect. Although the effect can sometimes be pre-determined, no one is really sure what the outcome is going to be until the time comes. There are millions of cars onRead MoreCause and Effect Essay1031 Words   |  5 PagesThis term is used to describe the emotional and ornate art and architecture of the 1600s. [pic] a. Romanesque [pic] b. Gothic [pic] c. Classical [pic] d. Baroque status: correct (1.0) correct: d your answer: d feedback: Correct. [pic] 2 The colonnaded piazza added to St. Peters is the achievement of this architect. [pic] a. Borromini [pic] b. Michelangelo [pic] c. Bramante [pic] d. Bernini status: correct (1.0) correct: d your answer: d feedback:Read MoreTopics for Cause and Effect Essays702 Words   |  3 Pages Cause and Effect Essay Topics A cause and effect essay aims at explaining the reasons and results of an event or situation. †¢ It is one the most popular essay types in the academic world. †¢ It is beneficial for a student to write a cause and effect essay because it propels him to think of the situation in depth to come up with the reasons for the birth of that situation and its eventual impact on everything it affects. †¢ It encourages the mind to think analytically and investigate a situationRead More Cause Effect Essay - The Causes of Date Rape522 Words   |  3 PagesCause Effect Essay - The Causes of Date Rape There is no one direct cause of date rape. Although there are usually three key elements involved, socialization, miscommunication, and/or changing sexual mores. In a general sense, traditional male and female roles in society are part of the problem. Men are taught at a very early age to be aggressors; they participate in aggressive team sports, are encouraged to be competitive, not to give up, to keep on trying. They are encouraged to have strongRead More Cause and Effect Essay - Christianity Causes Divorce727 Words   |  3 PagesCause and Effect Essay - Christianity Causes Divorce â€Å"Bible Belt Couples ‘Put Asunder’ More,† the New York Times proclaimed on May 21 of this year: â€Å"The divorce rate in many parts of the Bible Belt is roughly 50% above the national average.† So much for the notion that secularism is to blame for the decline of traditional families, among other frequently lamented social ills. Apparently, in a least a few states, the divorce rate correlates to an excess of piety, not the absence of it. WhatRead MoreCause and Effect Essay on Obesity962 Words   |  4 PagesTiffany Nali Period 3 May 20,2012 Cause and Effect Essay on Obesity Obesity is one of the main topics in America including one of the main reasons of death.-(begin with a subject) Detecting obesity is easy, but treating it can be very hard to do. Never have there have been so many teens and children not only overweight but obese. In some ways, it could be called the plague of the twenty- first century due to adolescents and teenagers indulging

Nesquik - 921 Words

NESQUIK THE PROBLEM When Nestle introduced Nesquik Ready to Drink (RTD), it faced considerable challenges. The Nesquik RTD product was the latest entry into a competitive market vying for acceptance by perhaps the most difficult target to reach, males 12-24, a target that is always â€Å"on the go.† And even more daunting, Nesquik’s two major competitors historically outspent the brand in annual media expenditures. SOLUTION Devise an innovative media plan to overcome these challenges while leveraging the portability of the Nesquik RTD product to the mobile, male 12-24 market. Outdoor was considered an excellent medium to reach this â€Å"on the go† target. When we set out to launch our new plastic bottle we had the challenge of not only reaching†¦show more content†¦Objective: The primary objective was to generate awareness and interest in Nesquik RTD among the target audience, ultimately leading to increased volume and share for the brand. In particular, recognizing that Nesquik RTD is primarily an impulse purchase, the media plan sought to maximize impressions close to the purchase decision. Strategy: Universal McCann was assigned the task of designing an innovative media plan to overcome the challenges faced by Nesquik RTD. To accomplish this the agency focused on the peripatetic behavior and lifestyle of males 12-24 and sought out the appropriate media to reach this target. The overriding goal of the media plan was to leverage the mobility of the target with the portability of Nesquik RTD. Plan Details: Outdoor served as the anchor of the media plan. Emphasis was placed on outdoor because it provided the strong visual comm unication necessary to promote the unique packaging of Nesquik RTD. Outdoor also offered ideal placement opportunities to intercept and match the lifestyle of the target audience. A wide variety of outdoor products were used based on availability within each market. Spot radio was used to support the outdoor plan in all markets and to help create buzz about the product. The product rolled out in three phases in a total of 65 markets across the country. Phase one began in southeast marketsShow MoreRelatedMarketing Mix of Nesquick Essay826 Words   |  4 PagesNestle Nesquik Tina American Intercontinental University Abstract In this paper I will be writing about Nestle Nesquik. I will also be writing about the marketing mix, which is the four P’s, price, product, promotion and place. I will also tell you why I choose Nestle Nesquik. Finally, I will tell you why each for p is important when marketing Nestle Nesquik. Marketing Mix of Nestle Nesquik I choose the product Nestle Nesquik becauseRead MoreCase Studies on Kelloggs and Nestle Products2640 Words   |  11 PagesIn-store promotion delivered a sales uplift of 29% week on week. Nesquik Nestle NesQuik and Rare Medium Find Brand MarketingSuccess In Mini-Site Strategy; NesQuik... Nestle NesQuik and Rare Medium (NASDAQ:RRRR) have developed an online strategy that successfully markets the NesQuik brand by providing value-added, brand-specific content to popular, childrens Web sites. The strategy involves the development of the portable NesQuik mini-site, which features games, puzzles and other interactive attractionsRead MoreChocolate Syrup and Milk713 Words   |  3 Pagesto the syrups. We expected the Nesquik to dissolve the fastest because it did not contain any high fructose corn syrup while the other brand of syrup did. Also we observed from the syrups that nesquik was very thin, while the others were very thick and slow in behaviour. Our hypothesis is that the Nesquik will disintegrate the fastest in the milk because it lacks High Fructose Corn Syrup. Materials Procedures: Materials: 1. Hersheys Chocolate Syrup 2. Nesquik Chocolate Syrup 3. Great ValueRead MoreMarket Segmentation, Targeting And Positioning Essay2205 Words   |  9 Pagesfor 21.3% of their trading operating profit in 2015 (Euromonitor 2016). Therefore, this paper will focus on this segment of the Nestlà © S.A.. Nestlà © has many products within this particular segment including Nescafà ©, Nespresso, Coffee Mate, Milo, Nesquik and Nestea (Nestlà ©.com). Competitors of Nestlà © in this segment include Starbucks, Unilever and KraftHeinz (Euromonitor 2016). The company’s overall strategy involves organic growth instead of acquisition. Assessment of organisation segmentationRead MoreSegmentation, Targeting And Positioning Drawing Upon Views Of Various Scholars2069 Words   |  9 Pagesaccounted for 21.3% of their trading operating profit (Euromonitor 2016). Therefore, this paper will focus on this segment of the Nestlà © Group. Nestlà © has many products within this particular segment including Nescafà ©, Nespresso, Coffee Mate, Milo, Nesquik and Nestea (Nestlà ©.com). Competitors of Nestlà © in this segment include Starbucks, Unilever and KraftHeinz (Euromonitor 2016). Assessment of organisation segmentation, positioning and targeting 40% - approaches they take, segmentation strategiesRead MoreNestle : A Swiss Transnational Sustenance And Refreshment Organization880 Words   |  4 Pagesbreakfast grains, espresso and tea, ice cream parlor, dairy items, dessert, solidified nourishment, pet nourishments, and snacks. Twenty nine of Nestlà © s brands have yearly offers of over CHF1 billion, including Nespresso , Nescafà ©, Kit Kat, Smarties , Nesquik, Stouffer s , Vittel , and Maggi. Nestlà © has 447 production lines, works in 194 nations , and utilizes around 339,000 individuals. It is one of the principle shareholders of ( L Oreal ); the world s biggest beauty care products organization. Read MoreThe Distribution And Consumption And Trade Of Nestle Products1136 Words   |  5 PagesCorporation which has been incorporated within several products revolving chocolate. Through the products, Nestlà © is estimated to own an approximate amount of 2000 brands altogether, including well known brands, such as: Kit Kat, Nescafà ©, Milo, Nestea, Nesquik, Maggi, Herta, Purina, Nespresso etc. The multinational corporation has gone through several criticisms about its production, trade and consumption, with its social, environmental and economic impacts. Through the list however, the social impactsRead MoreNestle s Corporate Social Responsibility Essay1190 Words   |  5 Pageslike Nestle in which there are different types of product. Business idea for each and every product. As nowadays there are different types of departments for each and every product. For example:- Different products in nestle are: Cereal like milo, Nesquik. Professional products like: Nescafe, Maggi, Buito ni Nestle Purinapet care :Pro plan dog food, Dogchow, Cat chow friskies purina one, Baneful fancy feast, Gourmet, and Beggin strips Performance nutrition: Power bar, Musashi Health care nutrition:Read MoreA Modern Classic1238 Words   |  5 Pagesfor USC’s own programs, facilities, student organizations, etc. We have yet to construct a building sponsored by Nike or produce a research division operated by Dr. Pepper (or Dr. Coke if our soft drink choices have any say in the matter). Like the Nesquik van, which appeared on campus periodically last year to distribute free beverages, the â€Å"Coke Truck† has the keen advantage of placement. Being anywhere is the next best thing to being everywhere, vis-à  -vis a digital ad. A final element worth notingRead MoreThe Stock Market : A Competitive Advantage For Corporate Crimes Or General Lack Of Human Appreciation1135 Words   |  5 PagesNestlà © S.A is a globalized packaged-goods producer formed in 1866, during a time when international trade began to flourish. With a portfolio of more than 200 brands such as Gerber, Nesquik, Nestea, Poland Spring, Purina and Stouffers, Nestlà © has been in business for 150 years and operates in 189 countries (Bollinger, 2017). Today Nestlà ©s products include milk, chocolate, confectionery, bottled water, coffee, creamer, food seasoning and pet food (bloomberg, 2017). Today Nestlà © is one of the most

East Tennessee State University ( Etsu ) Essay - 2330 Words

INTRODUCTION East Tennessee State University (ETSU) is a public, coeducational institution situated in Northeast Tennessee. It is one of the campuses that is governed by the Tennessee Board of Regents. Its main campus is in Johnson City, with other centers in Kingsport, Elizabethton and Bristol. It was founded in 1911 with the name East Tennessee Normal School, aimed at educating their graduates to become teachers. The institution received university status in 1963 with accreditation by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (ETSU, 2016). The institution has an enrollment of over 14,500 students in undergraduates, masters, professional degree and interdisciplinary programs in eleven colleges. A majority of the students are from Tennessee and neighboring region states, but other states in the US and international students are represented. A large percentage of the students receive financial aid from state, federal or private sources. The university has over 800 full time faculty and staff members who attend to students. Through the university teaching, research and public service, ETSU recognize the human values of compassion, open-mindedness to celebrate diversity of people and thought, with the need for intellectual, social, economic and cultural development of the institution and the region. As written on the school’s website, the vision of the school is to become the best regional university in the nature. The mission of the university is towards preparingShow MoreRelatedThe Black Lives Matter Protest752 Words   |  4 Pagesvery long time, it did not start with East Tennessee State University. It can be dated back to the time of slavery, this gives us an understanding that the event that happened is more of a societal and historical problem. The Black Lives Matter protest The event that took place on the 28th of September 2016, was a heinous one in which students, faculty, staff and the community should learn from. The Black Lives Matter protest at East Tennessee State University was made in remembrance of blacks thatRead MoreThe Greenhouse Effect On Earth1055 Words   |  5 Pagesstore carbon dioxide longer compared to other tree because its long life span. East Tennessee State University is currently discharging three times the appropriate amount of carbon into the atmosphere then what is considered the appropriate amount. The forests help in carbon sequestration to provide a natural service for our ecosystems. Method: A 15m x 12m (180 square meters) plot of the trailhead near the University Woods will be used as a guide. Take measurements of each tree with a pink tagRead MoreA Research On Neonatal Nurse Practitioners1191 Words   |  5 PagesNursing (APNN) program. Last, you will need get a certification as an NNP by the National Certification Corporation (NCC) so you and become the more advanced nurses and continue your education and career(How). Colleges or Vocational Schools: University of Tennessee Chattanooga (UTC) offers a great option for me for my schooling of nursing. UTC is one of the best nursing schools of America. This college offers the Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) degree and the Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) degreeRead MoreUnited States Should Adapt Tobacco Free Policies On Their University School Grounds Essay2507 Words   |  11 Pagesprevented if only the individuals did not use tobacco. As of 2008, East Tennessee State University has adopted a tobacco-free policy for not only the safety of students, but their overall mental and physical health as well. That policy has been increasing on college campuses at a nationwide level. As of 2009, the American College Health Association adopted a position statement on a no tobacco use policy that encourages colleges and universities to become 100% tobacco free. As you can assume this has causedRead MoreBeing A Physician Assistant ( Pa )997 Words   |  4 Pagescommitted to play divi sion one soccer at East Tennessee State University (ETSU). It was a hard decision to make, but when I discovered that they were ranked in the top twenty for their undergraduate pre-medicine program, it became very clear that it was the perfect fit for me. I will be studying pre-med next year and plan on receiving a Bachelor of Science degree in four years. Following this, I will need to complete a two years master degree at either ETSU, or another college of my choice that hasRead MoreRadiography Essay Statement752 Words   |  4 Pagesgoing on. During all of the x-rays I realized that I had a major interest in the radiography field. It was not until the summer before my freshman year of college that I knew that the radiography field was for me. One day before moving to East Tennessee State University my mom ended up in the hospital with a pulmonary embolism. While in the hospital I got to see all of the portables they did on my mom including ultrasounds. That is when I realized it was something that radiography was what I wanted toRead MoreCase Study : Child Development Of East Tennessee State University1233 Words   |  5 Pages Case Study – Preschool Ehichoya Edokhamhen ECED 5210 – Advanced Child Development East Tennessee State University Introduction This child observation was carried out at the ETSU Child Study Center, after an appropriate permission was taken. I arrived at the Child Study Center at about 7:50am on Friday November 13, 2015, and I was taken to the Cricket Preschool classroom for my child observation. When I got there, there was only one child present at the class, and when I asked theRead MoreI Am The Oldest Of Four Children1390 Words   |  6 PagesI moved back to live with my parents in Korea. I was homeschooled for a year back in Korea with all the other kids in the reserved. My dad retired from the army when I was about 11 years old and that’s when they decided to move back to the United States, where my dad’s family lives. Moving to the U.S was really a challenge for me because the cultures and language were so different that it took me a while to get used to it. As a result I became really shy around stranger and it made it really hard

Single Parent Homes and Academic Achievement free essay sample

There are several theories that can be used to study the way family structure influences academic achievement, as well as to demonstrate the influence of other factors such as poverty and family resources. When these factors are more closely examined it is evident that within any family structure a lack of necessary financial and supportive resources will negatively affect children’s academic achievement. As the number of both single and two-parent families living in poverty rises, this research is important in helping to develop an educational system in the United States that is both equal and effective for the growing changes in family demographics. Keywords: academic achievement, single-parent homes, Family Deficit Model, Risk and Protective Factor Model, social capital theory, parental involvement Children from single parent homes are not as negatively impacted academically as some in the popular media suggest. Raising children without a partner presents many challenges, but there is research that points to strategies to mitigate these issues. We will write a custom essay sample on Single Parent Homes and Academic Achievement or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Specifically in terms of children’s academic achievement, studies show that it is other social and environmental factors, not single parenthood itself, which accounts for the achievement gap between children from single-parent homes and their peers from nuclear families. Statistics In 2007, there were approximately 13. 7 million single parents in the United States (Wolf, 2011). This number was an increased from an estimated 11 million on 1994 (Engber, 1995). In roughly 81% of these homes, the mother is the custodial parent, with just 17% of fathers as the primary custodian. Of the mothers who are head of household, 45% are divorced or separated, 34. 2% have never been married, 19% are remarried (to someone other than other parent), and 1. 9% are widowed (Wolf, 2011). Other important statistic regarding single-parent homes is that almost 40% are living at or below the poverty line in the United States. Nearly 90% of single-parents however, are employed full-time (Wolf, 2011). This places many families in a situation where their income is too high to receive state funded services such as Medicaid and cash assistance, but not high enough to meet the family’s financial needs. Research models Different models have been used throughout the years to study the effects of single parenting on children. In the 1970’s the Family Deficit Model suggested that single-parent homes have a negative impact on children because the model starts from the assumption that the traditional nuclear family structure is ideal. This model did not take into account economic or other social factors that influence families. In the early 1990’s the Risk and Protective Factor Model was developed. This model states that family structure is one of several risk factors. Under this model, a risk factor can be any environmental, familial, or social factor that has the potential to have a negative impact on a family. Protective factors, as described by this model, are those that positively support a family and can lessen the effects of risk factors (Adoption Media LLC, 2011). A third theory used to research the effect of single-parent homes on academic achievement is social capital theory. Social capital refers to a person or family’s ability to access resources such as income and education. According to Shriner et al. (2010), â€Å"As a construct, social capital is measured by the quality and quantity of networks connecting children to the resources of their parents† (p. 447). Using this model, researchers have identified factors other than family structure that influence academic achievement. One article stated: Although similar to each other, adolescents in single-mother and stepfather family structures had lower grades and vocabulary scores compared to their two-biological-parent counterparts. In these family structures, the academic outcomes were more likely related to mothers’ race, education, monitoring, and attachment, than family structure. (Shriner, 2010, p. 446) Academic Achievement The phrase academic achievement refers to the level of mastery in certain subject areas, not including one’s potential to achieve (Center for American Progress, 2006). Beginning with the No Child Left Behind Act, states are required to measure academic achievement of public school students using standardized tests and other tools (Center for American Progress, 2006). There has been much debate over the effect of single-parenting on children’s academic achievement. Some studies have shown that children from single-parent homes do not perform as well in school and have higher dropout rates than children from two-parent homes (Entwisle, 1996). In 1988, it was reported that the rate of grade repetition for children of single parents was 75% higher than children from nuclear families (Entwisle, 1996). Other studies have stated that children from single-parent homes are less likely to attend college and perform less well on standardized tests (Hampden-Thompson, 2005). In contrast, other research demonstrates that being from a single-parent home is not necessarily detrimental to academic achievement. According to one website devoted to research and information on single-parenting: Exceptionally achieving individuals in virtually every human endeavor are more likely to have lost a parent Roe (1952a) learned from her examination of notable contemporary scientists that 15% had lost a parent by death before age 10. Broken down by field, this happened to 25% of the biologists, 13% of the physical scientists, and 9% of the social scientists. To place this figure in perspective, Roe referred to data showing that only around 6% of college students lost a parent by age 10. Roe also mentioned Bells (1937) work on illustrious mathematicians, in which around one-quarter had lost a parent before age 10 and nearly one-third before age 14 parental loss can occur by means other than orphanhood, such as alcoholism, abandonment, and divorce (The Liz Library) One of the reasons for the change in views on this issue may be that earlier research was conducted mainly with single-parent families that became that way through divorce. The research did not include the trauma of divorce and the change in socioeconomic status that is often the result of divorce. It could be these factors, not the family structure itself, that accounts for the differences in academic achievement (Entwisle, A Parents Economic Shadow: Family Structure Versus Family Resources as Influences on Early School Achievement, 1995). Parental education, particularly that of the mother, is also pinpointed as having a major influence on a child’s academic achievement (Shriner, 2010). Children who have mothers who did not complete high school scored lower on standardized tests in math and reading. Conversely, when those mothers acquired more education, children’s test scores improved (Shriner, 2010). Many young mothers who become pregnant in high school are amongst the group of single-parent families. If these women are not able to complete high school or go on to college, the result could be lower academic achievement for their children (Shriner, 2010). Another possible explanation for research that shows lower academic achievement in children from single-parent homes is lack of financial resources and policies that support various types of families. Of 11 countries studied by Pong, et al. (2003), the Unites States ranked lowest in achievement differences between children from single versus two-parent homes. The researchers in this study also found there are several countries with equally high rates of single-parent homes as the United States. A major difference however, is that the United States is the only country that did not offer government funded family allowances. Countries such as Austria, Norway, and Canada, offer these family allowances to lower-income families, which offer a major source of financial support (Pong, 2003). This extra income can provide enough support that a single parent can work just one job and be available to be more involved in the lives of their children. Parental Involvement In both single and two-parent homes, parental involvement in a child’s education is found to be a major factor influencing academic achievement (Shriner, 2010). Anne Lewis provides an example of this fact in her article: For example, factors that together explain almost 90% of the differences among eighth-graders in math performance on the 1992 National Assessment of Educational Progress are ones parents control: student absenteeism, variety of reading materials available in the home, and excessive television watching. Reading aloud to young children, the report says, is the single most important activity that parents can undertake to influence the future reading success of their children. (Lewis, 1995, p. 431) Several studies are now showing that factors such as time spent doing homework with children, mother’s level of education, and volunteering at a child’s school, contribute to higher levels of academic achievement (Shriner, 2010). Discussion Combining the vast body of research, one conclusion that can be drawn is that there are factors beyond family structure that impact academic achievement more than family structure itself. Poverty is consistently identified as a major contributor to lower achievement scores. While supporting children on one income rather than two makes it more likely that a single-parent family falls below the poverty line, as the economy continues to decline and unemployment numbers rise, more and more two-parent families find themselves in poverty as well (DeNavas-Walt, 2011). According the 2010 information from the U. S. Census Bureau, there are 46. 2 million people in this country living at or below the poverty line. This is the largest number found in the 52 years that poverty has been studied (DeNavas-Walt, 2011). In countries that have developed policies that help support and supplement families below the poverty line, the achievement scores on standardized tests have improved (Pong, 2003). Without solid support policies in place to assist families in poverty, despite the structure of that family, achievement scores will continue to fall in the United States. Building on the issue of poverty and academic achievement is the issue of parental involvement. With parental involvement being a key factor in academic success, it stands to reason that in families where one or more parent has to work more than one full-time job or one job with an excessive amount of hours, there is less opportunity for parental involvement in education. Despite the changing structure and economics of families in the United States, the educational system and governmental policies have not caught-up in terms of supporting family involvement (Lewis, 1995). There is research to indicate that stronger policies that support parental literacy and financial resources for low-income families is correlated with higher achievement scores (Pong, 2003). There is a great deal of research about family structure and academic achievement. Though it was previously thought that being in a single-parent household was in itself detrimental to a child’s achievement, research has now brought to light factors that are more specific and are now disputing the original conclusions about single-parent homes. This research will be instrumental in helping educators, parents, and policy-makers to make changes that will better support families and improve academic achievement in children in the United States. References Adoption Media LLC. (2011, November). Single Parenting and Childrens Academic Achievement. Retrieved from adoption. com: http://library. adoption. com/articles/single-parenting-and-childrens-academic-achievement. html This article cites significant research on the issue of single-parenting and academic achievement. Specifically the article discusses two of the major theories researched in terms of family structure, the Family Deficit Model and the Risk and Protective Factors Model. Adoption Media LLC provide community service information and resources to families considering adoption from any angle. This company has provided assistance and information to several news media organization, and thoroughly cites research for the articles on the website. Center for American Progress. (2006, July 26). Measuring Academic Achievement. Retrieved from americanprogress. rg: http://www. americanprogress. org/issues/2006/07/b1982011. html The Center for American Progress is a political action committee which reviews and advocates on different political issues. The website for this organization provides a detailed definition for the term academic achievement and how it is measured. DeNavas-Walt, C. P. (2011). U. S. Census Bureau, Current Populations Reports, Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in t he United States: 2010. Washington D. C. : U. S. Government Printing Office. This